What is a major cognitive milestone for children aged 6-12 according to Vygotsky's theory?

The ability to use language for thinking and problem-solving is a major cognitive milestone for children aged 6-12 according to Vygotsky's theory. Vygotsky emphasized the social nature of learning and the importance of language in cognitive development. He proposed that language is not only a tool for communication but also a fundamental mechanism for cognitive processes. During this developmental stage, children begin to use internal language to organize their thoughts, solve problems, and guide their own behavior, which indicates a higher level of cognitive functioning. This ability to use language as a means of mental processing is crucial for their academic and social development.

The other options represent skills that are indeed important in middle childhood but do not capture the essence of Vygotsky's theory regarding cognitive milestones. While performing complex mathematical operations and creating art are valuable, they are not the primary focus of Vygotsky’s ideas on cognitive development during this age range. Working collaboratively with peers aligns with Vygotsky's social constructivist approach, but it is the use of language that is the more direct indicator of cognitive development according to his framework.