What is a crucial factor when planning and implementing instruction?

The correct choice emphasizes the importance of learning goals and effective strategies in the planning and implementation of instruction. This approach ensures that teaching is purposeful and aligned with the educational needs and capabilities of the students. Establishing clear learning goals allows educators to create a roadmap for the lesson, guiding what students should understand and be able to do by the end of the instruction.

Effective strategies are then employed to engage students and facilitate their learning towards these goals. This means considering various instructional methods, materials, and activities that cater to diverse learning styles and needs, enhancing the overall educational experience.

In contrast, focusing on personal preferences of the teacher may overlook what is best for the students; prioritizing expectations of standardized tests could lead to teaching to the test rather than fostering comprehensive understanding; and repetitive practice of previous lessons might not provide students with the necessary new knowledge and skills that align with their ongoing educational development. Therefore, grounding instruction in clear learning goals and effective teaching strategies is essential for promoting meaningful learning outcomes.