How does self-esteem generally evolve in children during middle childhood?

During middle childhood, self-esteem typically evolves by becoming increasingly influenced by social comparisons, peer relationships, and academic performance. As children enter this developmental stage, they begin to become more aware of how they measure up against their peers, leading them to assess their self-worth in relation to their accomplishments, social interactions, and the standards set by others around them.

This shift occurs as children navigate complex social environments and seek acceptance and validation from their peers. Successful interactions and achievements in areas such as academics or sports can boost their self-esteem, while challenges or setbacks in these areas can lead to feelings of inadequacy. Peer evaluations and the desire for approval play significant roles, shaping how children perceive their abilities and self-worth.

In contrast, the other options suggest a different trajectory for self-esteem that does not align with common developmental trends during this critical period. The focus on social dynamics and external evaluations highlights a key aspect of child psychology during middle childhood that continues to evolve as children grow.